Shayan and tokaldany 2014 studied the effects of upstream blanket and sheet pile on reducing seepage flow exit gradient and uplift force.
Exit gradient sheet pile wall.
A compute the total quantity of seepage in units of ft through the soil over a 24 hour b compute the critical hydraulic gradient and factor of safety against quick sand given this.
The computed gradient is in essence an average gradient over this distance.
The 7 saturated unit weight of the soil is 130 pcf and the hydraulic conductivity is 3x10 ft sec.
In 1954 terzaghi has suggested a simplified approach for the design of cutoff walls considering average seepage force.
The sheet pile penetrates 20 feet into the soil.
For the sheet pile wall this filter is placed over the potentially unstable prism abed in fig.
10 20 such that the factor of safety against heave piping is improved as shown in f w w f f s 10 47.
A sheet pile cutoff wall simply called cutoff wall is used in almost all types of water retaining structures to reduce the exit gradient at the downstream toe and prevent the chances of sand boiling and piping.
The flow net for a sheet pile is shown below.
Exit gradient at toe of hydraulic structure g usin computer program seep w software.
It is placed at the exit point where the water emerges from the foundation.
It is observed that the best location of sheet pile to reduce seepage flow is at the downstream end.
Musa 2014 studied the influence of cavities on seepage under sheet pile wall for hydraulic.
It con sists of graded sand and gravel.
Depended on the software program tests were carried out with three different value of each following parameter upstream sheet pile depth downstream sheet pile depth permeability for first and second soil layer depth of first and.